不丹正念城
Gelephu Mindfulness City

由專筑網一顆塵土，小R編譯

不丹國王吉格梅·凱薩爾·納姆耶爾·旺楚克在116周年國慶講話中，向3萬名聽眾提出了他對世界上第一個負碳國家不丹，建設新經濟中心的設想。該項目名為“正念城市”，位于不丹南部的Gelephu鎮，占地1000多平方公里，由BIG、Arup和Cistri設計。項目靈感來自不丹文化、國民幸福原則和不丹的精神遺產。

In the 116th National Day address to an audience of 30,000, His Majesty King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck presented his vision for a new economic hub in Bhutan, the world’s first carbon-negative country. Located in the town of Gelephu in Southern Bhutan, the 1000+ km2 masterplan titled ‘Mindfulness City’ by BIG, Arup, and Cistri is informed by Bhutanese culture, the principles of Gross National Happiness index (GNH), and the country’s strong spiritual heritage.  



未來的Gelephu特別行政區位于印度和不丹邊境，其地理位置將連通南亞和東南亞，為國家未來發展奠定了基礎，并通過對綠色技術、教育和基礎設施的投資為公民創造經濟機會�？傮w規劃由BIG的景觀和城市設計團隊設計，設計內容包括新國際機場、鐵路連接、水電站、公共空間和具有當地類型學語言的建筑，設計理念基于國民幸福原則的九大個領域：心理健康、身體健康、教育、生活水平、時間效率、生態多樣性和彈性、良好治理、文化多樣性和彈性以及社區活力。

The future Gelephu Special Administration Region, located on the India-Bhutan border, will leverage its location and connectivity to South- and Southeast Asia to lay the foundation for the country’s future growth and create economic opportunities for its citizens through investments in green technology, education, and infrastructure. Designed by BIG’s Landscape and Urban Design Team, the masterplan includes a new international airport, railway connections, a hydroelectric dam, public spaces, and a language for local building typologies, based on the nine domains of GNH: Psychological Wellbeing, Health, Education, Living Standards, Time-Use, Ecological Diversity and Resilience, Good Governance, Cultural Diversity and Resilience, and Community Vitality.



不丹坐落在山脈、森林和河流之間，作為世界上最后的生物多樣性熱點地區之一，該國的森林覆蓋率有70%。正念城市的設計目標是通過組織35條河流和溪流流過的充滿活力的社區，形成相互關聯的生態系統，從而提升國家的生物多樣性。由此形成了從山丘到山谷的類似于稻田的帶狀社區，仿佛城市梯田。
從農村的休閑高地到城市的低密集地區，城市的人口一直在增加。

Nestled between mountains, forests, and rivers, Bhutan stands as one of the last biodiversity hotspots in the world, with 70% of the country covered in forest. Mindfulness City aims to amplify the country’s abundant biodiversity by emerging as a vibrant tapestry of interconnected ecosystems and lively neighborhoods shaped by the flow of the 35 rivers and streams that run through the site. The resulting ribbonlike neighborhoods resemble paddy fields, forming urban terraces that cascade down from the hills to the valley. The city increases in density from the rural and recreational highlands to the urban and dense lowlands.   



“Gelephu總體規劃為國王陛下的愿景提供了形式，在保留不丹的自然和文化的同時創建一個成長與創新的搖籃。我們把正念城市想象成一個獨一無二的地方。在這里自然得到改善，農業得到整合，傳統得以生存和傳承，得到了保護的同時得到了發展。通過水道系統，Gelephu成為了連接自然與人類、過去與未來、當地與全球的橋梁。像傳統的宗教一樣，這些可居住的橋梁變成了文化地標以及交通設施和市政設施的結合。其中，�？剖采駨R大壩（Sankosh Temple-Dam）將城市的基本價值觀嵌入到階梯和平臺的層疊景觀中，就像21世紀的老虎巢（tiger Nest）一樣，將成為一個人造紀念碑象征著人類在地球上可持續存在的可能性。把工程變成藝術，把自然變成力量�！� BIGp創始人兼創意總監

“The Gelephu Masterplan gives form to His Majesty’s vision to create a city that becomes a cradle for growth and innovation while remaining founded on Bhutanese nature and culture. We imagine the Mindfulness City as a place that could be nowhere else. Where nature is enhanced, agriculture is integrated, and tradition is living and breathing, not only preserved but also evolved. Shaped by waterways, Gelephu becomes a land of bridges, connecting nature and people, past and future, local and global. Like the traditional Dzongs, these inhabitable bridges turn into cultural landmarks, doubling as transportation infrastructure combined with civic facilities. Among these, the Sankosh Temple-Dam embeds the city’s fundamental values into a cascading landscape of steps and landings, that like a 21st century Tigers Nest will be a manmade monument to the divine possibility of a sustainable human presence on earth. Turning engineering into art and turning the forces of nature into power." - Bjarke Ingels, Founder and Creative Director, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group。



Gelephu的自然元素和現有的基礎設施、農業和公用事業自然地在1000多平方公里的區域內創造了11個不同的社區。從分散在北部景觀中的小型建筑到南部城市環境中的大型建筑，11個社區中的每一個都是基于曼荼羅（佛教，印度教）的原則設計的，通過一系列圍繞中央公共空間對稱組織的重復類型學來定義，創建了逐漸過渡的密度。

The natural elements and the existing infrastructure, agriculture, and utilities of Gelephu naturally create eleven distinct neighborhoods across the 1000+ km2 area. Each of the eleven neighborhoods is designed based on the principles of the Mandala: defined by a series of repeating typologies organized symmetrically around a central public space, a gradual transition in density is created, from small buildings dispersed in the landscape in the north to larger footprints within an urban environment in the south.



為了發展免受季風季節的洪水影響，稻田將沿著基地的河流和支流從北向南延伸。這些保護區將成為當地動植物的生物多樣性走廊，使大象和其他野生動物的遷徙路線不受干擾。

To protect existing and future development against flooding in the monsoon season, paddy fields will be established along the site’s rivers and tributaries, running from north to south.  These will further function as biodiversity corridors for local flora and fauna, leaving the migratory routes of elephants and other wildlife undisturbed.



“受到不丹尊重和同情他人與自然的文化啟發，正念城市旨在通過連接動植物以及人與思想的城市發展來增強生態系統�！彼�證明了人類與自然密不可分的聯系，也為如何在地球上建立可持續的人類生存樹立了一個全球性的榜樣�！�—朱利亞·弗里托利，BIG - Bjarke Ingels集團BIG景觀主管合伙人

“Inspired by the Bhutanese culture of respect and compassion for others and nature, the Mindfulness City is designed to enhance ecological systems, through an urban development that connects flora and fauna, as well as people and ideas. It becomes a testament of humanity's inseparable bond with nature, and a global example of how to build a sustainable human presence on Earth.” - Giulia Frittoli, Partner in Charge, BIG Landscape, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group   



被河流隔開城市社區通過三個主要的交通樞紐連接在一起。這些橋梁也可以作為交通基礎設施與公民和文化設施相結合，或根據九個國民幸�？傊祫撛斐鲆幌盗小翱删幼〉臉蛄骸�。

The neighborhoods within the city, which are divided by rivers, are tied together by three main mobility connections.  Occasionally, these double as transportation infrastructure combined with civic and cultural facilities, creating a series of ‘inhabitable bridges’ which are tailored to each of the nine Gross National Happiness domains.



每座橋都是城市中重要地方：秉承著金剛乘精神，讓人們可以瞥見僧侶和正念大師日常練習的新機場。作為東西方醫學交匯點的保健中心。公開學術活動的大學。為日常通勤者展示古老的農業實踐和現代農業科學的水培溫室。讓游客沉浸在不丹的文化和習俗中的文化中心。以及一個由不丹紡織品裝飾的市場。

Each of the bridges house key destinations within the city: the new airport, a Vajrayana spiritual center which allows glimpses into the daily practices of the monks and masters of mindfulness; a healthcare center as a meeting between Eastern and Western medicine; a university that exposes its academic activities; a hydroponic and aquaponic greenhouse putting ancient farming practices and modern agro-science on display for the daily commuters; a cultural center to immerse and educate visitors about Bhutanese culture and customs; and a market adorned with Bhutanese textiles.



最后一座橋是將建在城市的西部邊界上的水電站，它有一個可以作為觀景點和冥想散步的階梯式擋土墻，還有一座寺廟。游客和朝圣者可以沿著無數條獨立的路線上下，到達人工懸崖上的游客中心和寺廟。寺廟大壩在建筑形式上體現了Gelephu鎮所有基本元素：被認為是不丹豐富的過去遺產和繁榮的未來遺產的混合產物——文化與自然和諧共存。

The final bridge, a hydroelectric dam, will be constructed on the city’s western border with a step-well retaining wall that offers viewpoints, staircases for meditative walks, and a temple. Visitors and pilgrims can ascend and descend along countless individual routes to the visitor center and temple nested on the face of the manmade cliff. The Sankosh Temple-Dam embodies in architectural form all the foundational elements of Gelephu: the harmonious coexistence of culture and nature, conceived as a hybrid child of Bhutan’s rich past heritage and its prosperous future legacy.



鋪砌的透水性鋪路石的街道代替污水系統允許雨水滲入地下形成彈性環境。當地的材料如木材、石頭和竹子都將被用于新建筑中，拉梁、飛檐、裝飾品和屋頂景觀的靈感則來自當地的圖案。

Intimate streets, paved with permeable pavers provide resilience by allowing stormwater to seep into the ground rather than the sewage system. Local materials - wood, stone, and bamboo - will be used in the new buildings, inspired by vernacular motifs such as rabsel, cornices, ornaments, and roofscapes.



























建筑設計：丹麥BIG建筑事務所
項目地：不丹，Gelephu
類別：城市

Architect: BIG - Bjarke Ingels Group
Loaction: Gelephu, Bhutan
Category: Cities